Citadel of Damascus, Medieval fortress in Damascus, Syria
The Citadel of Damascus is a medieval fortress protected by massive limestone walls and twelve towers positioned at key strategic points around its perimeter. The entire structure occupies a substantial footprint and forms a well-defined fortified complex.
The fortress was founded in 1076 by Turkmen military leader Atsiz bin Uvak and remains one of the city's oldest defensive structures. It underwent major rebuilding in the early 1200s under Al-Adil to counter evolving siege tactics.
The fortress displays features from different periods, with Seljuk, Ayyubid, Mamluk, and Ottoman influences visible in its walls and towers. These layers reflect the various rulers who shaped the place over centuries.
Access to the site is through three gates on the northern, western, and eastern sides, allowing visitors multiple entry routes. Guided tours help visitors understand the different areas and their historical functions.
The fortress held strategic control over the Barada River and connected directly to the city walls, making it a key defensive anchor for Damascus. This arrangement allowed rulers to protect the city from attack while monitoring trade routes simultaneously.
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