Colophon

Colophon sits on a hilltop above Değirmendere village and consists of stepped terraces with foundations and low stone walls. The site includes areas for houses, a central square, and remains of fortifications spread across several levels.

The settlement emerged in the eighth century BC as one of the Ionian foundations on the coast of Asia Minor. When General Lysimachus reorganized the region, residents left the city and moved to Ephesus.

Residents moved with their families to Ephesus and left only ruins in the hills behind. Today, wild herbs and grasses grow between the wall remains, grazed by goats and sheep from the nearby village.

A short footpath leads uphill from the signboard in the village to the ruins, taking around ten to fifteen minutes. The path is unpaved and climbs steadily, so sturdy footwear and some water are advisable.

The city was known for its horsemen and sailors but also produced a resin still used in musical instruments today. This resin took its name from the ancient place and is applied to stringed bows.