Driftless Area, Geological region across Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois, US.
The Driftless Area is a geological region spanning parts of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois, shaped by its deeply carved river valleys and tall limestone cliffs. Rivers have cut through the rock to create gorges with steep slopes, between which forested hills and meadows lie.
During the last ice age, glaciers bypassed this region, allowing the old river courses to continue cutting deeper into the ground. After the ice sheets retreated, the original landform remained while the surrounding areas became flat.
Small towns along the river valleys still show traces of Scandinavian and German settlers in their buildings and inns. Farmers' markets sell cheese and honey directly from the farms, many of which have stayed in the same families for generations.
Numerous hiking and fishing spots are spread across the four states, mostly reached by smaller access roads. In winter, steep slopes can be difficult to walk on, while spring and autumn offer milder conditions.
Cold air rising from underground cracks creates microclimates where arctic plants can grow. These sites are located several hundred kilometers south of their normal range.
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