El Helicoide, Government detention center in San Agustín, Venezuela.
El Helicoide is a large three-sided spiral structure in San Agustín with multiple levels connected by distinctive internal ramps. The building spans across a considerable urban area and features distinct architectural zones for different functions.
Construction began in 1956 as a shopping center project but was abandoned before completion. The government took over the structure in 1975 and repurposed it afterward.
The building shows how Venezuela changed over the decades: what was originally planned as a shopping center later served entirely different purposes. This transformation tells the story of economic and political shifts that shaped the country.
The building is easily recognizable from ground level due to its distinctive spiral shape and prominent position in the neighborhood. Visitors should note that access may be restricted and navigating the winding ramps can be confusing at first.
The two interlocked spiral ramps run through the entire building and were originally designed to allow vehicles direct access to retail floors. This traffic concept was remarkably innovative for a shopping center when it was planned.
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