Kyoikuto, Educational memorial tower and cenotaph in Osaka Castle Park, Japan
Kyoikuto is a 30-metre reinforced-concrete memorial tower faced in white granite, standing in a square near the south outer moat of Osaka Castle Park. Its front entrance is flanked by two reliefs: on the left, teachers shielding pupils during the 1934 Muroto typhoon; on the right, the emperor at a ceremony. Below the tower, a 162-square-metre central room holds a stone inscribed "やすらかに", with two 86-square-metre side rooms listing the names of the dead.
The tower was completed on October 30, 1936, two years after the Muroto typhoon of September 21, 1934, which struck during the school day and destroyed wooden school buildings, killing more than 600 children and 25 school employees. The Imperial Education Council proposed the monument, donations from children, students, teachers and volunteers across Japan raised over 320,000 yen, and Shimakawa Seiya won the public design competition. The Japan Teachers' Union took over its management after the Pacific War.
The tower's name joins kyoiku (education) and to (tower). Each October 30, the date the Imperial Rescript on Education was issued, the Education Festival is held and the education dead are jointly interred; the rite was Shinto or Buddhist at first and has been non-religious since the Japan Teachers' Union took over management after the war.
The tower stands in the center of a square near the south outer moat of Osaka Castle, with a hydrangea garden nearby. The Education Festival is held every October 30, the date the Imperial Rescript on Education was issued and the tower was completed in 1936.
The tower's finial is a sōrin, the spire normally found atop Japanese pagodas, a detail that shows the memorial's religious origin. The front entrance is flanked by two reliefs: the left shows teachers shielding students during the 1934 typhoon, the right shows the emperor at a ceremony. The reliefs were carved by sculptor Hasegawa Yoshiki.
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