City walls of Porto, Medieval fortification in Historic Centre, Portugal.
The City walls of Porto are a medieval fortification with quadrangular towers and battlements that stretch for about 2,600 meters, enclosing the center along steep hillsides. The longest continuous section of about 200 meters connects Santa Clara Convent with the Luis I Bridge and is accessible through the Escadas do Caminho Novo staircase.
Construction began in 1336 under King Afonso IV and was completed in 1376 under King Fernando as Porto needed protection from external threats. This lengthy building period shows how crucial the defense was for the city.
The Carvão Gate stands as the last remaining entrance of the original fortification system, marking the historical point where coal supplies entered the city. This passage shows how tightly the walls were woven into daily life.
The best way to explore the walls is to climb the Caminho Novo staircase, as this area is well-accessible and safe for visitors. Sturdy footwear is important since the stairs are steep and the paths can be uneven.
The walls are not just archaeological remains but have been integrated into the urban fabric over centuries, with many sections now part of streets and buildings. This blend shows how the original fortification merged with the expanding city.
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