Rostov Regional Fine Arts Museum, Art museum in central Rostov-on-Don, Russia.

The Rostov Regional Fine Arts Museum is an art museum in Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia, and it is split across two separate buildings at different addresses. The main building on Pushkinskaya Street holds Russian art, while a second venue on Chekhova Avenue houses works from western European schools, including Flemish, Dutch, French, Italian, and German painting.

The museum's roots go back to the Rostov-Nakhichevan Society of Fine Arts in the early 20th century, whose exhibitions fed private collections that entered the museum after the revolution. It opened on 1 May 1920 as the Don Regional Museum of Art and Antiquities, became a fine arts museum in 1938, and moved into the former Petrov mansion on Pushkinskaya Street in 1959. In 1942 the collection was evacuated to Pyatigorsk and looted under German occupation; in May 1944 staff of the Lermontov museum returned 221 paintings and drawings, 234 prints and 42 porcelain, marble and bronze pieces.

The main building on Pushkinskaya Street shows paintings by Russian artists from the 19th century, including Karl Bryullov and Ivan Aivazovsky. Walking through these rooms gives a clear sense of how Russian painting developed during that period.

The museum occupies the 1898 mansion of lawyer Apollon Petrov at 115 Pushkinskaya Street, where the marble vestibule staircase, Corinthian pilasters and moulded ceilings survive; look up in the halls for the ceilings and the carved doors. A second venue opened elsewhere after the collection outgrew the house, so check which address holds the section you want before setting out.

The building at 115 Pushkinskaya Street was won by lawyer Apollon Petrov as a reward for winning a railway land dispute; the Vladikavkaz railway directorate promised him the mansion and a small garden, and he moved in with his family. His wife Sofia was the official owner from 1913, and the Petrovs left Rostov after 1917 and emigrated to France.