Church of Saint Barbara, Moscow, Orthodox church in Tverskoy District, Moscow, Russia

The Church of Saint Barbara on Varvarka is an Orthodox church built of pink-toned plaster over masonry, with white trim and a weathered exposed-brick base. A tall square bell tower with white pilasters and a small gold cupola stands at the left; to its right rises a large drum with narrow arched windows, topped by a broad silver dome and a gold cross. The right facade has a portico of white columns beneath a triangular pediment and white recessed panels.

A wooden church of Saint Barbara likely stood here in the 14th century, slightly south of the present building. In 1514 the Italian architect Aleviz Novy built a stone church on the site; its foundation was found in excavations in 2007. In 1796–1801 artillery major Ivan Baryshnikov and bell-foundry owner Nikolai Samgin commissioned the present church from architect Rodion Kazakov. Damaged by fire and looting in 1812, it was restored in the 1820s, closed in the 1920s, and restored in 1965–1967 and again in 2014–2015.

The church serves as an active place of worship where visitors can experience traditional Orthodox services and Russian liturgical singing. It functions as a spiritual hub in the neighborhood, drawing both the faithful and those curious about Russian religious life.

The church is open daily for visitors to explore the interior, observe services, or participate in ceremonies. Visitors should be aware of dress code expectations and expect more crowds during active service times.

A city legend claims Napoleon's troops stabled horses in the church in 1812, but the narrow steep stairs and high basement made that impossible. In 2007, archaeologists digging under the church found the foundation of the 1514 stone church by Aloisio the New.