Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge

Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge contains several islands scattered across Lake Michigan between Wisconsin and Michigan's peninsulas, including Plum, Hog, and Pilot islands. The islands support different habitats with forests, grasslands, and rocky shorelines.

The United States established this protected area in 1912 to preserve habitats for species whose populations were declining in the region. The islands were recognized as essential for restoring these threatened populations.

The islands serve as a vital stopover for migratory birds moving across the lake, and you can observe the birdlife that defines the refuge today. Watching these visitors move through the landscape connects you to the natural rhythms of the region.

You can reach Plum and Detroit Island only by private boat or kayak from late May through early September during daylight. Be prepared for changing weather conditions on the lake and take water safety seriously.

The islands grow rare plants like dwarf lake iris and Canada yew in special habitats such as coastal fens and rocky outcrops that exist nowhere else nearby. These plants are adapted to the unique conditions found only in this location.

Location: Door County

Inception: 1912

Website: https://fws.gov/refuge/green_bay

GPS coordinates: 45.31670,-86.95000

Latest update: December 14, 2025 09:40