Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge

Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area in Alabama containing Thomas Spring and an adjacent pond. These two water bodies provide the cold, clean conditions needed for this rare fish to survive.

The refuge was established in 1980 when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service acquired Thomas Spring to protect the rare fish living there. An additional pond was created in 1983 to expand habitat for the population.

The name comes from the small fish that thrive in the cool spring waters found here. Visitors can observe how this specialized habitat fits within an urban setting, showing how nature and city growth coexist.

The area is accessible via simple walking trails, and informative signs explain the biology of this rare fish. Fishing is not permitted, so visitors should note this when planning a visit.

This small fish species exists at only a handful of locations near Birmingham, making this site extremely important for the survival of the species. The carefully managed refuge demonstrates how targeted protection can save tiny populations from extinction.

Location: Jefferson County

Inception: 1980

Website: https://fws.gov/watercressdarter

GPS coordinates: 33.37460,-86.96290

Latest update: December 12, 2025 14:40