Monumento a los defensores de la frontera, Military memorial monument in El Campo de Marte, Lima, Peru.
The Monumento a los defensores de la frontera is a memorial in El Campo de Marte consisting of a 25-meter granite pedestal from its base, topped by sculptural groups. The front features La Gloria, La Patria y La Victoria with fourteen figures in combat action. The rear shows the Confraternidad Americana, a bronze handshake between a Peruvian and an Ecuadorian youth, while lateral figures represent La Justicia and El Derecho.
After the 1941 war with Ecuador, President Manuel Prado Ugarteche launched a propaganda programme that included a public competition for a memorial; the sculptor Artemio Ocaña won it. The monument was inaugurated on 24 July 1945 but left unfinished, and work continued under José Luis Bustamante y Rivero and Manuel A. Odría. It was completed on 24 June 1966, during Prado Ugarteche's second term, coinciding with the silver anniversary of the Battle of Zarumilla.
The sculptural group crowning the monument represents Tumbes, Jaén and Maynas, the three provinces Ecuador claimed. On the sides, statues of Justice and International Law allude to the legal settlement of border disputes, while figures of the Marañón and Amazon rivers mark the waterways of the frontier. The rear bronze group, called American Fraternity, shows a Peruvian and an Ecuadorian shaking hands.
The monument sits in El Campo de Marte, a public plaza that is easily accessible from various directions with multiple viewing angles. The best viewing experience comes during daytime when sunlight clearly highlights the details of the bronze sculptures and the overall structure.
The bronze group on the rear, called Confraternidad Americana, shows a young Peruvian and a young Ecuadorian shaking hands. The figures were cast at Bruno Campaiola's foundry, paid for by a public subscription. The monument was inaugurated on 24 July 1945 but only completed on 24 June 1966, during Manuel Prado Ugarteche's second term, coinciding with the silver anniversary of the Battle of Zarumilla.
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