Peru

The territory extends across three distinct regions: the Pacific coast with desert areas, the Andean mountain range with peaks exceeding 20000 feet (6000 meters), and the eastern Amazon rainforest with extensive river systems.

Francisco Pizarro led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532, establishing colonial rule that lasted until independence was declared under José de San Martín in 1821.

Quechua and Aymara languages remain in use alongside Spanish, reflecting the heritage of Andean populations who continue their textile arts, musical traditions, and agricultural practices in highland communities.

The Sol serves as the national currency, while intercity transportation operates mainly through buses on roads crossing different climate zones. Domestic flights connect major cities across large distances.

The territory contains 84 of 117 global ecological zones, providing habitat for endemic species such as the Andean condor and vicuna at elevations above 13000 feet (4000 meters).

Inception: July 28, 1821

Capital city: Lima

Part of: Latin America, South America

Shares border with: Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile

Website: https://gob.pe

GPS coordinates: -6.86997,-75.04585

Latest update: November 30, 2025 16:22