San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge

San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge is a protected natural area covering more than 13,000 acres along the northern shore of San Pablo Bay. The landscape consists of mudflats, tidal marshes, and brackish wetlands connected by walking trails and viewing areas.

The refuge was established in 1970 to protect the remaining wetlands in this region. This action came after human development had already destroyed or altered 85% of the original tidal marsh system that once dominated the area.

The refuge serves as a seasonal stopover where thousands of migrating birds rest and feed, shaping the visual landscape with their presence throughout the year. Local communities use trails here to connect with the region's natural patterns and understand coastal ecosystems.

The Tolay Creek Tubbs Island Trail offers the main way to explore the refuge and is accessible from sunrise to sunset every day. Wear sturdy footwear since the ground can be muddy and soft, especially near water areas.

The refuge hosts the largest wintering population of Canvasback ducks on the entire west coast of North America. These ducks migrate from the north to spend the cold months here, taking advantage of the abundant food sources.

Location: Napa County

Inception: 1970

Operator: United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Website: https://fws.gov/refuge/san_pablo_bay

GPS coordinates: 38.14158,-122.40109

Latest update: December 9, 2025 18:43