Archaeological Museum of Thebes, Archaeological museum in Thebes, Greece

The Archaeological Museum of Thebes is a museum in a Greek city that houses objects spanning several thousand years. The collection ranges from the Paleolithic period to the Post Byzantine era and presents these finds in contemporary display spaces.

The first museum building was erected in stages between 1905 and 1912 at the northern edge of the Kadmeia hill. During the Occupation it closed and served as a barracks for the occupying forces; after the war it did not reopen and was demolished in the 1950s. A new building opened in 1962, and the present complex, designed by architect Mich. Souvatziadis, was built between 2005 and 2010 around a central courtyard and inaugurated on 7 June 2016.

The collection displays artifacts from across Boeotia that reveal how ancient people in this region lived, worked, and worshipped. These pieces show the development of one of the Mediterranean's most influential civilizations.

The museum stands at the end of Odos Pindarou in the north of Thebes. The entrance is on the ground floor, and a visitable excavation area lies at the base of the building. The medieval tower inside is also open to visitors.

The collection includes a rare Hellenistic encaustic painting on marble from the 1st century BC that shows a young man named Theodoros. This work is noteworthy because few examples of this ancient painting technique have survived.