Qanat

The Qanat in Palermo is an underground channel system with vertical shafts and sloping tunnels that carried groundwater from mountain slopes to the city. The network includes branching paths at different depths that move water through gravity alone.

The system was built during Arab rule in Sicily under Emir Hassan al-Kalbi in the 10th century. This underground infrastructure became crucial for Palermo to grow into a major medieval city.

The system represents Arab engineering knowledge that arrived in Sicily during the Middle Ages and shaped how the city worked. Underground channels remain part of local identity and how people understand their city's water sources.

Visits require waterproof clothing and preparation for wet, dark conditions underground. Guided tours must be arranged in advance as access is limited and the tunnels demand proper equipment.

The network comprises separate Qanat branches with different names that served different neighborhoods, and some sections still carry water today. This division shows how medieval Palermo distributed resources across its districts.