Arx, Ancient citadel on Capitoline Hill, Rome, Italy
Arx is an ancient fortress on the northern section of Capitoline Hill in Rome, positioned to command views over the Roman Forum. The remaining structures reveal the foundations of this fortified complex that served multiple religious and administrative purposes.
The fortress emerged in the 4th century BCE as a military stronghold defending Rome against external threats. Over time its importance grew as a sacred site, especially after the Temple of Juno Moneta was established within it.
The site housed the shrine of Juno Moneta, where Romans minted coins and performed religious ceremonies side by side. This blending of sacred space with economic activity shows how deeply religion and public life intertwined in Rome.
The site is accessible through guided tours that explain the archaeological layers and foundations. Sturdy footwear is recommended since the paths are uneven and partly steep in places.
The name of our modern coin and the word "money" itself trace directly back to the Latin name of this sacred site. Romans deliberately chose a religious location for their economic activity because they sought divine support for financial stability.
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