The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera, Ancient rock-cut settlement in Basilicata, Italy.
The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera comprise a settlement with over 1,000 dwellings, churches, and workshops carved directly into limestone cliffs of the Murgia plateau. The site spans two main districts linked by walking paths and preserves medieval and earlier structures from various periods.
The settlement traces back to the Paleolithic period and experienced continuous habitation over thousands of years, with different cultures leaving their marks. Over time it developed into an important religious and social center, until 1952 when residents were relocated due to poor living conditions.
The many rock-cut churches display frescoes and religious artworks from different periods that reflect the daily spiritual life of residents. These sacred spaces were woven into community life and served as gathering places beyond their religious purpose.
The site is best explored on foot, as most areas are connected by walking paths and stairs. Visitors should wear comfortable shoes and expect uneven terrain as routes pass through old stone structures.
The traditional cave houses were ingeniously structured across three levels of the slope, with separate areas for living, storage, and keeping animals. This integrated design shows how residents maximized every available space for daily life.
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