Watchtower in Rujm Al-Malfouf, Ancient stone watchtower at Rujm Al-Malfouf, Jordan
Rujm Al-Malfouf is a round stone tower 22 metres in diameter with several storerooms on its eastern side, standing on a hill in Jabal Amman. Its split-level entrance led to a ground floor set on bedrock and an upper floor, separated by a Roman-style corbelled ceiling. Three levels can still be traced, and the walls were once plastered on the outside.
Built in the 7th century BC during the Ammonite Kingdom, the round tower was later rebuilt and reused in the Roman and Islamic periods. Excavations between 1969 and 2022 uncovered coins, pottery and stamps. Nelson Glueck in 1939 interpreted such towers as Ammonite border forts, though recent research suggests varied agricultural and military uses.
The name Rujm al-Malfouf means "heap of round stones"; the common translation "cabbage" is rejected by scholar P. M. Bikai. The Arabic rujm denotes a cairn or pile of stones. The tower was plastered on the outside, possibly to make it harder for attackers to climb.
The site lies on the northern side of Jabal Amman, next to the Department of Antiquities and the Algerian embassy, west of the Fourth Circle. It sits amid a residential neighbourhood, so access is on foot from the surrounding streets. The round tower is 22 m in diameter, with a split-level entrance and ruined stone stairs; the storerooms lie on its eastern side.
Rujm al-Malfouf North is the only round tower of its type known, as of 1991, to have had an entrance; the others may have been reached by ladder. Its split-level entry led down to a floor laid directly on the bedrock and up to a second storey, the two levels divided by a Roman-style corbelled ceiling resting on partition walls.
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