Gongsanseong, Mountain fortress in Gongju, South Korea
Gongsanseong is a mountain fortress in Gongju featuring stone and earthen walls positioned along elevated terrain. The site contains watchtowers and multiple defensive gates distributed across its perimeter to control access and monitor the surrounding area.
The fortress became the capital of the Baekje Kingdom after the fall of Hanseong in 475 AD. It maintained this role until the 6th century, when the royal seat transferred to another location.
The fortress contains archaeological remains of 80 different structures, including a royal palace complex, administrative buildings, and storage facilities from the Baekje period.
The site provides informational panels in multiple languages and marked pathways that allow visitors to explore the grounds easily. Guided tours are available to explain the significance of different areas and how the defensive structures functioned.
Builders employed a layering technique using alternating materials of compacted soil and sand to strengthen the walls. This construction method allowed the fortress to endure for centuries and demonstrates the advanced knowledge of its builders.
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