Baalbek, Roman archaeological complex in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon.
Baalbek is an archaeological complex in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, with Roman-era temples standing on older foundations. The complex spreads across several terraces, showing Corinthian columns and carved stone reliefs along paved walkways.
Phoenicians built a sanctuary here before Alexander took the area in the fourth century BCE and renamed it Heliopolis. Romans constructed large temples and courtyards on the older foundations during the first and second centuries CE.
Modern Baalbek surrounds the ancient ruins with homes and shops, while visitors walk among columns that once held temple roofs. Residents use the open squares around the temples for gatherings and evening walks.
Walkways through the complex cross uneven ground with loose stones and steps, so sturdy shoes are necessary. Shade is limited, especially during summer months when the sun sits over the open courtyards.
Three stone blocks in the foundation each weigh more than 750 tons (680 metric tons) and were moved several hundred meters from a nearby quarry. A fourth block, even larger, remains unfinished in the quarry, showing Roman cutting techniques.
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