Temple of Bacchus

The Temple of Bacchus is a Roman temple in Baalbek, Lebanon, considered one of the best-preserved Roman religious buildings in the world. The structure consists of a large rectangular hall surrounded by tall Corinthian columns and an elevated inner chamber at the rear.

The temple was erected in the second century CE during the reign of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and formed part of a larger religious complex. Earthquakes in 1759 damaged sections of the structure, though the main framework remained largely intact.

The name refers to Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, though scholars still debate which deity the temple originally honored. Visitors today can observe finely carved reliefs on the doorframes and walls that depict mythological scenes and vegetal motifs.

The site is best visited in the cooler morning hours or late afternoon when sunlight highlights the detail of the stonework. The ground inside the temple is uneven, so sturdy footwear is advisable.

The columns were carved directly at the temple site from solid stone blocks and fitted with their decorative capitals, rather than being finished elsewhere. This method allowed Roman craftsmen to adjust the design during work and create exceptionally detailed ornamentation.