Curonian Spit, UNESCO World Heritage sand peninsula in Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia
The Curonian Spit is a narrow landform separating the Baltic Sea from the Curonian Lagoon, now shared between Lithuania and Russia. Shifting dunes shape the terrain alongside extensive pine woodlands planted during the 19th century to halt erosion.
Deforestation during medieval times allowed dunes to migrate and bury several settlements beneath sand. Starting in the early 19th century, Prussian authorities launched a reforestation program that gradually stabilized the terrain.
Fishing villages along this narrow strip maintain traditions in their wooden architecture, with distinctive gables and weathervanes marking the rooftops. Visitors notice these construction methods especially in settlements where residents still plant their gardens following patterns passed down through generations.
Ferry connections link the Lithuanian mainland near Klaipėda with the start of the landform, offering separate crossings for walkers and vehicles. Those visiting the drifting dunes should take care during strong winds, as blowing sand reduces visibility and makes walking harder.
The Parnidis Dune near Nida ranks among the tallest shifting dunes in Europe and changes its shape and position slightly each year. From its crest, visitors see both the open sea and the calm waters of the lagoon simultaneously, highlighting the contrast between the two sides.
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