Amasya Castle, Ancient fortress on Mount Harşena in Amasya, Turkey.
Amasya Castle is an ancient fortress perched on Mount Harşena with defensive walls spanning two kilometers along steep cliffs above the Yeşilırmak River, constructed mainly from rubble masonry. The structure features four entrance gates, multiple defensive levels, and an extensive network of tunnels connected to wells and water storage chambers.
The fortress was controlled by Persian, Roman, Pontic, and Byzantine rulers before the Danishmends undertook major restoration work in 1075. This period of reconstruction transformed it into one of the region's most significant defensive structures during the medieval era.
The site contains eighteen rock-carved tombs of Pontic kings dating to the third century BC, showing how ancient artisans cut stone chambers directly into the hillside. These royal burial places reveal how important rulers were remembered and honored by being laid to rest in this dramatic location overlooking the river.
Access to the site is possible through four different entrance gates located at various points along the structure, each offering different exploration routes. Wearing comfortable shoes is essential as the terrain is steep and exploring the multiple levels requires physical effort.
The Cilanbolu Cistern is a hidden water storage chamber beneath the fortress, accessible by a steep stairway with approximately 150 steps descending deeper than a ten-story building into the hillside. This engineering achievement demonstrates how critical water storage was for both defense and daily life at this elevated location.
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