Cordillera Central, Mountain range in northern Luzon, Philippines.
The Cordillera Central is a mountain range stretching across northern Luzon with elevations reaching approximately 2,900 meters at its highest point. The landscape contains both tropical pine forests in higher zones and dense rainforests at lower altitudes.
Spanish colonizers arrived around 1620 and established military posts to control the gold-rich territory. Indigenous communities resisted this occupation persistently throughout the colonial period.
Multiple ethnic groups live across these mountains and continue speaking their own languages while practicing traditional farming tied to seasonal cycles. Their ceremonies and gatherings mark important moments in the agricultural calendar throughout the year.
Four major rivers originate from these mountains and water the surrounding lowlands for farming and settlement. The elevation changes and rainfall patterns create varying conditions across different areas of the range.
The elevation zones create distinct forest types throughout the range, supporting different plants and animals in each area. This natural transition between ecosystems makes it scientifically significant.
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