O'a Caldera

O'a Caldera is a large volcanic depression in eastern Ethiopia that contains two lakes, Lake Shala and Lake Chitu, within its basin. Two mountains, Mount Fike and Mount Billa, rise from the caldera floor, and the landscape sits at approximately 2075 meters elevation.

The caldera formed through major volcanic eruptions during the Holocene period and still shows signs of geothermal activity today. Volcanic gases continue to escape from vents in the ground, making it an active geological site that is still changing.

Local communities around the caldera depend on traditional farming and herding, with the volcanic landscape shaping how they work and live. You will notice how people have adapted their daily routines to the terrain and use the natural features of the region as landmarks and meeting places.

Plan to spend time exploring and avoid walking directly over ground fissures where geothermal gases may escape. It is wise to arrange transportation in advance since the location is remote and has limited services or facilities.

Mount Fike has a pyroclastic cone with steep sides that stands out sharply from the surrounding terrain. Mount Billa is a cinder cone with gentler slopes, showing how different volcanic processes created these contrasting landforms.

Elevation above the sea: 2,075 m

GPS coordinates: 7.47000,38.58000

Latest update: December 14, 2025 16:45