Caldeiras, Geothermal springs in Furnas, Portugal
Caldeiras are geothermal springs in Furnas where steam and boiling water emerge from volcanic vents in the ground, reaching about 100°C. The site features wooden walkways and safety barriers so visitors can observe the springs while staying at a safe distance from the hot water.
The thermal springs were documented from the 16th century onward, when Portuguese settlers first discovered the geothermal activity in this volcanic region. Over time, the place became valued for both its natural power and practical uses in daily life.
Local people cook cozido, a traditional stew, using the natural heat by burying it in volcanic soil for hours. This cooking method shows how residents have made the landscape part of their everyday life and heritage.
Wear comfortable shoes since the ground is uneven and damp, with a risk of slipping on the wet paths. Walk slowly and follow the marked routes to avoid accidentally stepping into hot zones.
The mineral-rich waters contain about ten different chemical elements, including iron, which creates colorful deposits around the vents. These layers of color shift and change with the minerals flowing through them, creating an ever-changing natural palette.
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