Crucifixion of Jesus, Bronze sculpture on Charles Bridge, Prague, Czech Republic
The Calvary on Charles Bridge is a baroque sculptural group on the third pillar of the bridge's north side: a bronze Christ cast by Hans Hillger in Dresden in 1628 after a model by Wolf Ernst Brohn, mounted on a stone Calvary by Johann Georg Heermann. The mourning Virgin Mary and Saint John were added by Emanuel Max in 1861.
A simple cross stood on the bridge in the 14th century and was destroyed in 1419 during the Hussite unrest. Emperor Ferdinand II commissioned a four-part Calvary from Arnošt Heidelberger's workshop in 1629, destroyed by Swedish fighting in 1648. The bronze crucifix cast by Hans Hillger in Dresden in 1628 after a model by Wolf Ernst Brohn was installed in 1657; Emanuel Max added the figures of Mary and John in 1861.
The gilded Hebrew inscription reads "Holy, Holy, Holy is Jehovah of hosts" from Isaiah 6:3, added in 1696 after a Jewish communal leader, Elias Backoffen, was accused of blasphemy and forced to pay for it. Explanatory plaques in Czech, English and Hebrew were added in 2009 at the request of North American rabbis.
The Calvary stands on the third pillar of the bridge's north side, facing the river, so it is seen from the roadway rather than from a separate platform. The bronze figures sit above eye level; step back toward the south parapet to read the gilded Hebrew inscription and the stone Golgotha.
The aleph in the word "Tzva'ot" is written backwards: the letter was removed during the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia and later put back in the wrong place. In 2009, explanatory plaques in Czech, English and Hebrew were added after North American rabbis petitioned the Mayor of Prague.
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