Pilcomayo River, River system in Gran Chaco plains, South America
The Pilcomayo is a river system running 2,500 km from the Andes through Bolivia and along the border between Argentina and Paraguay. The water frequently shifts its course across the flat Gran Chaco plain, creating lagoons and wetlands.
Since 1876, this waterway has served as the international border between Argentina's Formosa province and Paraguay after both nations signed an agreement. Early European expeditions in the 16th century searched here for gold but found trade routes through the interior instead.
The name comes from the Quechua term Pillku Mayu, describing the reddish color of the water caused by sediment carried downstream. Fishing communities along the banks use traditional boats and methods passed down through generations.
The lower section spanning 660 km allows travel by small boats, with seasonal flooding affecting water levels and passage. Visitors should consult local guides, as channels shift regularly and navigation can be challenging.
The drainage basin spans three countries and supplies water to 1.5 million people, though mining waste affects water quality. The river sometimes carries so much sediment that it raises its bed and forms new branches across the plain.
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