San Andres National Wildlife Refuge, Wildlife refuge in Doña Ana County, United States.

San Andres National Wildlife Refuge is a nature reserve in the southern San Andres Mountains within New Mexico's Chihuahuan Desert. The area spans thousands of acres of mountainous terrain interspersed with natural water sources and vegetated valleys.

This refuge was established in 1941 specifically to protect a small population of desert bighorn sheep. Over the decades it has grown into an important sanctuary for this vulnerable species.

The refuge is closed to the public, so there is no visitor tradition or on-site interpretation; its cultural role is scientific. Desert bighorn sheep were reintroduced from 1999, and by 2012 the herd numbered about 100. State permits, issued with the Fish and Wildlife Service, allow hunters to take oryx, with about 50 culled per year recently.

The refuge is entirely enclosed by the White Sands Missile Range and is closed to the public for security reasons; there is no entry procedure for visitors. The only access is through the surrounding military installation, so viewing the San Andres Mountains is limited to distant vantage points outside the range.

The South African oryx, released on White Sands Missile Range in 1969 for hunting, spread into the refuge; by 1997 at least 50 lived here, competing with bighorn sheep because they draw moisture from plants. New Mexico issues permits to limit them, and about 50 are culled each year.