South Florida rocklands, Limestone rockland ecoregion in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States

South Florida rocklands are an ecoregion of pine rockland and rockland hammock on oolitic limestone of the Miami Rock Ridge, which runs from the Miami River south into Everglades National Park. The pine rockland has an open canopy of South Florida slash pines 20–24 m tall, a patchy subcanopy of palms and shrubs, and a herbaceous layer over sharp, porous limestone with solution holes.

The rocklands lie on the Miami Rock Ridge, an oolitic limestone matrix 2–7 m above sea level running from the Miami River south to Everglades National Park, with disjunct sections in the Lower Keys. Frequent low-intensity fires kept the open pine canopy until fire suppression followed urbanisation, agriculture and fragmentation from the late 1800s. Of an estimated 65,450 ha of pine rockland in Miami-Dade County, about 920 ha (2%) remain outside Everglades National Park, where Long Pine Key holds roughly 9,915 ha.

The open pine canopy of South Florida slash pine, with its patchy layer of palms and shrubs, was historically maintained by frequent low-intensity fires. Fire suppression since the late 1800s, alongside urban and agricultural expansion, has changed plant community composition and left only about 2% of Miami-Dade County's original pine rockland outside Everglades National Park.

The area provides several opportunities for nature exploration through publicly accessible trails and reserves across multiple counties. Visitors should prepare for limited shade and exposed rocky terrain that varies in accessibility depending on season and weather conditions.

The pine rocklands straddle the southern limit of temperate North American flora and the northern limit of tropical Caribbean flora. About 9% of the plants in Miami-Dade County's pine rockland are endemic to Florida, and roughly 14 taxa grow only there. Over 537 plant species occur across the South Florida rocklands.