Clearwater Formation, Shale formation in Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada.
The Clearwater Formation is a rock layer in northeastern Alberta made of black and green shale, sandstone, and siltstone. It spreads across the region and reaches depths of around 85 meters below the surface.
The layer was named in 1893 by geologist R.G. McConnell after the Clearwater River near Fort McMurray. This early study helped scientists understand the region's underground rock structure.
The formation contains preserved marine fossils, including complete specimens of plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs discovered during mining operations.
You will need sturdy footwear and should prepare for uneven ground when exploring this rock layer. The best times to visit are during warmer months when surface conditions are more favorable.
Excavation work in this layer has uncovered fossil remains of marine reptiles from the Early Cretaceous period, including well-preserved plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs. These discoveries reveal what the ancient sea environment once looked like in this area.
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