Monaco, Sovereign city-state on the French Riviera, Monaco
The principality stretches along a narrow coastal strip between sea and mountains, comprising several districts with high-rises, villas, and manicured gardens on terraced terrain. The old town sits atop a rocky outcrop above the harbor, while modern residential quarters climb the steep hillsides.
The Grimaldi family's rule began in the late 13th century and survived shifting alliances with neighboring powers. Sovereignty was consolidated in the 19th century through international treaties.
Monaco hosts the annual Formula One Grand Prix through its narrow streets, operates the Belle Époque Casino de Monte-Carlo designed by Charles Garnier, and houses the Oceanographic Museum dedicated to marine science founded in 1910.
The official language is French and the euro is used as currency. Road connections lead directly into neighboring France, and most areas are accessible on foot or by public transport.
Land was gained through reclamation from the sea, with entire neighborhoods built on new ground. These projects enabled growth despite tight geographic limits.
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