Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, Baroque parish church in Vatican City.

Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri is a church building with an elliptical floor plan and eight side chapels arranged around the central altar space. Large arches frame the main altar area and give the interior its distinctive structure.

Pope Pius IV authorised the Archconfraternity of the Pontifical Grooms to build the church in 1565, and work began that year on a design attributed to Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. Money problems slowed the site, and after Vignola died in 1573 his son Giacinto finished it; it was consecrated in 1583 with a temporary roof. The facade was completed between 1700 and 1721 by Alessandro Specchi, and the dome was built in 1763 and finished in 1775.

The church gave its name to the surrounding borgo, and the Archconfraternity that built it, founded by Urban VI in 1378, still exists at Santa Caterina della Rota. On 26 July, the feast of Saint Anne, papal Rome held the procession of the panze: pregnant women wrapped in a mantle, the ammantate, walked from Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli behind the confraternity members on horseback, and cannon salutes greeted them at Ponte Sant'Angelo.

The church stands on Via Sant'Anna beside Porta Sant'Anna, the gate that marks the border between Vatican City and Italy; the entrance faces the Vatican side. The interior is reached from this single portal, and the oval plan means the main altar is visible from the doorway. The dome lantern is the only source of natural light on the altar.

The church was famous in papal Rome for the "procession of the bellies": on 26 July, the feast of Saint Anne, pregnant women wrapped in a mantle (am mantate) walked from Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli behind mounted members of the Palafrenieri confraternity, and the cannon of Castel Sant'Angelo fired a salute as the line reached the bridge. The statue of the Virgin and Saint Anne carried in it is now kept in Santa Caterina della Rota.