Buxton National Historic Site and Museum, Museum and national historic site in North Buxton, Chatham-Kent, Canada.

The Buxton National Historic Site and Museum opened in 1967 in North Buxton, Ontario. Its main building holds exhibits on the Elgin Settlement, and the grounds hold an 1861 schoolhouse, an 1854 log cabin and a barn. Historic church cemeteries adjoin the museum, which was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1999.

Reverend William King, a former slave owner turned abolitionist, bought 9,000 acres of crown land in Southwestern Ontario in 1849 and founded the Elgin Settlement with an association that included Lord Elgin, then Governor General of Canada. He brought 15 of his former slaves with him. Lots of 50 acres could be bought only by Black settlers, at $2.50 an acre with six percent interest, payable over ten years, and houses had to meet minimum standards. The settlement was a terminus of the Underground Railroad.

The museum tells the stories of people who built their own community, schools, and farms in this settlement. Visitors learn how residents created social institutions and developed their own way of life in a place where they could own land and make decisions for themselves.

The museum complex sits in North Buxton, near South Buxton in Chatham-Kent, with the main building, an 1861 schoolhouse, an 1854 log cabin and a barn grouped together; local historic church cemeteries are adjacent. The grounds are open to walk between these buildings, and guided tours explain the exhibits. Allow time to move between the separate structures rather than expecting one continuous hall.

The schoolhouse on the grounds is one of the last remaining educational buildings from that settlement era and provides a rare look at how learning was organized and managed. The classroom with its period furnishings offers a direct sense of what daily school life was actually like during that time.