Yongningmen, City gate in Beilin District, Xi'an, China.
Yongningmen is a city gate in the southern Xi'an City Wall, standing 12 meters (39 feet) tall. It forms an important section of the rectangular defensive wall that stretches for approximately 13.7 kilometers around the city.
The gate began as Anshang Gate, the eastern gate on the southern face of the Sui-Tang imperial city of Chang'an, and was kept when Han Jian rebuilt the city at the end of the Tang. In 1374–1378 the Ming expansion of Xi'an made it the south gate, renamed Yongningmen, with a single brick arch replacing the earlier three-passage timber gate. In June 1912 Shaanxi governor Zhang Fengyi wrote the gate's name plaque.
The gate's name, Yongningmen, means "Gate of Eternal Peace," a wish for lasting calm on the city's southern approach. In June 1912, Shaanxi governor Zhang Fengyi wrote an inscription for the gate's lintel. The gate now forms a traffic roundabout, with Nammen Square outside and South Street inside.
Yongningmen sits in a traffic roundabout: the South Gate Square is outside the gate, Nandajie begins inside it, and Chang'an North Road continues beyond. Since 1956 three arched passages have been opened on each side of the gate for vehicles and pedestrians, so the historic gate tunnel itself no longer carries traffic.
The archery tower visitors see today is a 2014 reconstruction: the original, built in 1378, was destroyed in 1926 when Zhengsong troops besieged Xi'an. Rebuilding began in January 2013 after approval by the National Cultural Heritage Administration and was completed in April 2014; the tower reopened on 1 May 2014 and now holds a museum of archaeological remains and wall history.
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