Western Ghats, Mountain range in southwestern India
This range runs along the southwestern coast of the subcontinent, forming a continuous barrier between the coastal plain and the plateau beyond. Dense forests cover the western slopes, while the eastern side is drier and slopes more gradually toward the interior.
The mountains formed over 150 million years ago when landmasses split apart, shaping the geography of the modern subcontinent. Later, kingdoms and empires built forts on the peaks to control trade routes and defend against invaders.
Hill communities cultivate cardamom, pepper and coffee on terraces carved into the slopes over many generations. Hikers regularly pass small roadside temples where locals light incense and leave coconut offerings.
Several protected areas lie along the range and offer access to hiking trails, viewpoints and wildlife watching opportunities. Travelers should bring weatherproof clothing, as conditions change quickly and heavy rainfall is common.
The steep western face intercepts moist air masses, creating fog and prolonged rainfall, while just a few kilometers eastward the air remains dry. This extreme weather divide allows completely different habitats to exist side by side within a narrow space.
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