Scavi archeologici di Cuma, Archaeological site in Pozzuoli, Italy.
The Cuma excavations cover the remains of the ancient city on the promontory above the Phlegraean coast, founded around 730 BC and abandoned in 1207. The visible structures include the Temple of Apollo on the acropolis, the Temple of Jupiter later turned into a cathedral, the Sibyl's Cave, the Capitolium and the Aula Sillana near the forum. Low walls of flat red brick with grey mortar, broken off unevenly, stand among trees, with a floor of large irregular grey stones.
Greek colonists from Chalcis founded Cuma around 730 BCE as the earliest Greek settlement on Italian soil. After some 400 years, Roman control transformed the site with new construction and a shift in how the community developed.
Cuma's name survives in the word "Cumaean," and the site is still called Kyme after the Greek colony. The Temple of Jupiter on the acropolis became the cathedral of the diocese of Cuma once Christianity took hold, while the Temple of Apollo was also turned into a basilica. Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome, died at Cuma in exile.
The site is reached by marked pathways connecting the different levels of the excavations, with consideration for visitors with mobility concerns. Wear sturdy shoes and bring water, as the terrain slopes steeply and the sun exposure can be strong throughout the day.
The Antro della Sibilla was explored between 1924 and 1934 by Amedeo Maiuri and Vittorio Spinazzola, alongside the Temple of Jupiter and the Crypta. The tunnel is cut through volcanic rock in a trapezoidal section. Petrarch and Jacopo Sannazaro visited the abandoned ruins in earlier centuries and mentioned them in their writings.
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