Srednyaya Arsenalnaya Tower, Fortified tower at Moscow Kremlin, Russia.
Srednyaya Arsenalnaya Tower is a fortified structure on the northwest side of the Kremlin wall, rising to approximately 41 meters with a rectangular form and distinctive brick patterning. The tower contains three levels with barrel-vaulted chambers and internal staircases that connected different floors for defense and movement.
The tower was constructed between 1493 and 1495, replacing an earlier corner fortification from the time of Dmitry Donskoy in medieval Moscow. This reconstruction formed part of a broader reinforcement of the Kremlin fortress under Ivan III.
The tower represents Russian medieval military architecture with its three-tiered structure, cylindrical vaults, and wall staircases connecting different levels.
The tower is visible from Alexander Garden, which extends along the western Kremlin wall and provides open access for walking. Visitors can observe the exterior details and structure clearly while strolling through the garden paths.
At the base of the tower lies a hidden entertainment grotto, created in 1821 by architect Osip Bove during the development of Alexander Garden. This concealed feature shows how the medieval fortress was later adapted for new recreational purposes.
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