Museum of Aeronautical Science, Aviation and science museum in Iwayama, Japan.

The Museum of Aeronautical Science consists of a low cylindrical west wing in light grey panels, topped by a tower with a dark blue glass observation deck, and a taller grey cylindrical building joined by a glass entrance hall. Inside, a Boeing 747-400 prototype model sits at the centre of the exhibition space, and a white passenger aircraft hangs above a dark pedestal beneath exposed metal roof beams. The outdoor yard holds aircraft including the first prototype YS-11.

In 1977 Shibayama town asked the transport minister to build a museum tied to the new Narita airport and to jobs for farmers who had left farming. The Aviation Science Foundation was set up in 1984, construction began in 1988, and the museum opened on 1 August 1989. A retired Boeing 747-212B nose section, N642NW, arrived from Pinal Airpark in 2010 and was reassembled by Japan Airlines engineers in July 2011.

In the outdoor display area stands the Kōkū Shrine, moved here in 2001 from Tōhō Shrine. It is dedicated to aviation safety, and visitors can see it among the retired aircraft, including the YS-11 prototype. The museum's name is written 航空科学博物館, literally "aeronautical science museum".

The museum sits about 500 m off National Route 296 and the Shibayama Haniwa Road; the in-site bus stop is served from Narita Airport Terminal 2 in roughly 15 minutes and from JR Narita Station in about 23 minutes. Shibayama Chiyoda Station on the Shibayama Railway is a 30-minute walk, and the free bicycle loan for rail users ended in July 2022. Some buses stop instead at Avi Museum Entrance, a 10-minute walk away.

The nose section of a former Northwest Airlines Boeing 747-212B, registered N642NW, sits indoors between the main hall and the experience building; it is called Section 41. It was shipped from Pinal Airpark in Arizona in late 2010 and reassembled in July 2011 by Japan Airlines engineers. Guided tours of the interior run by same-day reservation.