Fort of St John, Medieval fort in Kotor, Montenegro.
Fort of St John is a large stone fortification that overlooks Kotor from the hillside above the city and encompasses the old town with its defensive walls. The structure incorporates natural rock formations and connects multiple bastions through an interconnected system of ramparts.
The fortress originated in ancient times and was expanded by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I during the 6th century. After 1420, Venetian rulers took control and significantly modified the structure to serve their military interests.
The fortress displays layers of building styles from different rulers who controlled the bay. Visitors walking the walls can see how each period left its own mark on the stonework and fortifications.
The fortress is reached by hiking up a steep path from the city below. Strong walking shoes and a good level of fitness are necessary, and bringing plenty of water is essential for the climb.
The fortress experienced several powerful earthquakes, including major damage in 1667 and again in 1979. These natural events left visible scars on the stonework and required substantial reconstruction efforts over time.
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