Kalivo

Kalivo is a fortified hilltop site near Butrint National Park that covers roughly 23 hectares and features massive walls built from Cyclopean and polygonal stones. The elevated position commands views across Lake Butrint and down into the Pavllas River Valley.

Italian archaeologist Luigi Maria Ugolini discovered the site in 1924 while exploring southern Albania, marking the start of archaeological research in this region. His work established the foundation for understanding this ancient defensive structure.

The fortifications were built in two distinct periods, with the oldest walls constructed during the Classical era and later additions from the Hellenistic period. This layering reflects how different peoples adapted and modified the site across centuries.

The visit requires sturdy walking shoes to safely navigate the hilly terrain, and bring water since the site sits at an elevated position. Allow enough time to thoroughly explore all sections of the fortifications.

Despite extensive fortifications, archaeological surveys found no evidence of permanent residential structures within the fortress. This suggests the location served mainly as a seasonal refuge or military outpost rather than a regular settlement.