Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape

Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape is an archaeological site in northern South Africa where two rivers meet, featuring remains of ancient settlements and burial grounds across hills and valleys. The site contains evidence of a sophisticated civilization that developed intricate metalworking and trade networks over centuries.

This site functioned as a major trade center between the 11th and 13th centuries, exchanging gold, ivory, and other goods with ports across the Indian Ocean. Its prosperity declined as trade routes shifted and the region's importance diminished.

The royal graves reveal how people lived and what they valued through their burial practices. The precious objects found here, such as golden rhinos and decorated bowls, show that a wealthy and organized society flourished at this location.

The best time to visit is during cooler months, as summers can be very hot in this region. The visitor center near the entrance provides information, and wearing comfortable shoes is important since trails cross uneven terrain and hillsides.

Researchers discovered 23 complete golden figures at this location, representing the earliest examples of gold crafting in southern Africa. This find demonstrates that people here mastered advanced metalworking techniques centuries before such skills appeared elsewhere on the continent.