Arjuno-Welirang, Volcanic complex in East Java, Indonesia
Arjuno-Welirang is a volcanic complex with two connected peaks reaching 3,339 meters, featuring sharp ridges and active sulfur vents scattered across the range. The mountain displays varied slopes with different vegetation zones as elevation changes.
The volcanic complex developed over millions of years, built upon two ancient volcanoes: Mount Ringgit to the east and Mount Lincing to the south. These older structures formed the geological foundation for the current landscape.
The mountain draws its name from Arjuna, a hero in the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata, showing how Javanese people link their sacred stories to the landscape around them. Local communities view this place as part of their spiritual geography.
Visitors can reach the mountain through three main entry points at Lawang, Tretes, and Batu, with guided tours operating from May through October. Sturdy footwear and prior acclimatization help when hiking at higher elevations.
The mountain slopes contain the source of the Brantas River, the second longest river in Java and crucial to the region. The slopes support four distinct forest zones, each with its own plant communities adapted to different elevations.
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