Halemaumau Crater

Halema'uma'u Crater is an active volcanic crater within Kilauea volcano in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The crater shows layers of volcanic material and rock formations, with its floor located significantly below the surrounding caldera rim.

Prior to 1924, the crater held an active lava lake before steam explosions transformed its geological structure. Subsequent decades brought multiple eruption cycles with varying volcanic patterns and activity levels.

The name means "house of the amau fern" in Hawaiian and represents the home of Pele, the fire goddess. Visitors gather at viewing areas to witness this sacred site, reflecting its deep meaning in local spiritual traditions.

Multiple viewing areas along the crater rim let visitors observe volcanic activity while staying safely away from gas emissions. Sturdy shoes and sun protection are recommended, as the area offers little shade and has rough volcanic surfaces.

A freshwater lake formed in the crater in 2019 and reached a depth of about 50 meters before completely evaporating during the December 2020 eruption. This phenomenon was unusual for an active volcano and drew scientists worldwide to study this rare occurrence.