Republic of Canada, Failed state at Navy Island, Niagara River, Canada
The Republic of Canada was a short-lived independent state established on Navy Island in the Niagara River during 1837. The island settlement served as a base for rebels who had risen against British colonial rule.
William Lyon Mackenzie proclaimed the republic on December 5, 1837, in response to frustration with British colonial authorities. The venture collapsed rapidly after supply lines were cut off and British forces attacked the encampment.
The Republic introduced its own currency featuring images of rebellion figures and promised land grants of 300 acres to supporters of the movement.
The site is no longer accessible today as the historical location contains only ruins and sits on private island property. Visitors can view the area from either the Canadian or American shoreline or visit nearby museums to learn more about the rebellion.
The destruction of the American steamer Caroline by British soldiers was a dramatic moment that caused international tensions between Britain and the United States. The ship was set ablaze and cut loose to drift toward Niagara Falls, escalating the volatile political situation.
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