Main Caucasus Range, Mountain range between Black Sea and Caspian Sea, Georgia and Russia.
The Main Caucasus Range stretches roughly 1,200 kilometers from the Taman Peninsula at the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula at the Caspian Sea. The mountain chain is crossed by several passes that link different regions and span different elevations.
The mountains formed the border between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire until 1813, shaping regional power dynamics. The Treaty of Gulistan marked a turning point in control of this strategically important watershed.
The mountains hold ancient churches and traditional herding routes that have connected different communities for centuries. These paths and places show how people have lived together across the slopes and valleys of the range.
The mountain chain is crossed by established road routes, some reaching elevations around 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). Access varies depending on season and weather conditions in different sections.
The western section receives abundant rainfall and supports dense forests, while the eastern part experiences drier conditions. These differences arise from how the mountain chain influences air patterns.
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