Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Greek sanctuary in Delphi, Greece.
The Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia consists of several temples built in different periods, featuring Doric columns and typical elements of ancient Greek architecture. The site displays remains of a circular tholos temple and older temple foundations from various construction phases.
The site was already in cult use by the Mycenaean period, around 1000 BC, and three temples of Athena stood here in succession: one built in the 7th century BC, a second around 510 BC, and a third around 370–360 BC. The second temple was damaged in 480 BC when rocks were rolled down onto the advancing Persians, and again by an earthquake in 373 BC. Herodotus records that Croesus gave a golden shield to the temple.
Pronaia means "in front of the naos", the main temple of Apollo: the sanctuary stood on the road below and was the first sacred site travellers reached before the temple. Its altars were inscribed to Zeus, Athena, Eileithyia and Hygieia, and Herodotus records a golden shield sent here by Croesus of Lydia.
The grounds are freely walkable, allowing visitors to explore the reconstructed remains of the tholos and older temple foundations from various angles. The best time to visit is during early morning or late afternoon hours, when light highlights the details of the stonework.
Archaeological excavations revealed Minoan figurines on the grounds, suggesting the place served as a worship location long before the classical temples were built. These early artifacts show continuous sacred use spanning more than a thousand years.
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