Athenian Treasury, Ancient Greek treasury in Delphi, Greece

The Athenian Treasury is a small marble temple along the Sacred Way in Delphi. Two slender Doric columns stand at the front, while flat relief panels showing mythological scenes line the outer walls.

The date of construction is disputed: scholarly estimates range from 510 to 480 BCE, and Pausanias linked the building to the spoils of Marathon (490 BCE). The south face of its platform carries a dedication naming the Athenians and the Persian spoils. French archaeologists excavated it in 1893 under Théophile Homolle and rebuilt it in 1903–1906 under Albert Tournaire and Joseph Replat, filling gaps with limestone and Pentelic marble.

The south face of the base carries a dedication naming the Athenians and Apollo, with first fruits from the Persians at Marathon. The metopes pair Theseus, Athens' own founder, with Herakles: nine deeds of Theseus on the long sides, Herakles on the north and west. This is the earliest surviving large-scale sculpture of Theseus.

Visitors reach the building after a short walk from the entrance to the archaeological site, just before the path begins to climb more steeply. You can walk around the reconstructed structure and examine the reliefs and inscriptions up close.

The metopes here hold the earliest known large-scale sculpture of Theseus, shown alongside Herakles in paired labors; before this building he appeared only on painted vases. The reliefs on the monument today are casts, while the originals are kept in the museum of Delphi.