Kerala backwaters, Water Heritage Site and Ramsar site in Kerala, India
The Kerala backwaters form a 900-kilometer network of interconnected waterways running parallel to the Arabian Sea coast. Palm trees line the shores while narrow channels wind through rice paddies and small villages where traditional wooden boats carry daily traffic.
The waterways served for centuries as main trade routes between inland regions and coastal ports for spices, rice, and coconut products. European traders used these channels from the 15th century onward to gain direct access to the spice-growing areas of the interior.
The Kuttanad region relies on traditional rice cultivation below sea level, with embankments and canals protecting the land from flooding. Villagers use flat-bottomed boats for daily transport between homes, temples, and markets along the banks.
The dry season from October through March offers the best conditions for exploring by houseboat or ferry. Visitors should bring light clothing and sun protection, as the waterways provide little shade and humidity remains high.
Some houseboats feature traditional kitchens where cooks prepare freshly caught fish and local rice directly during the journey. The widest sections near Vembanad allow for annual snake boat races where up to 100 rowers power a single long vessel.
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