Buzen Province, Historical province in northern Kyūshū, Japan
Buzen was a historical province in the northern part of Kyūshū island within the Saikaidō region. Its territory stretched across parts of present-day Fukuoka Prefecture and the northwestern section of Ōita Prefecture.
The province came into being in 701 through the division of Toyo Province after the reforms of the Taika era. This reorganization introduced the Ritsuryō administrative system in Japan and shaped the political landscape for centuries.
The name refers to the northern half of the old Toyo region, reflecting its geographic position. Travelers can trace the footprint of this administrative unit through shrines and place names still in use today.
The administrative center was located in Toyotsu, now part of Miyako city in Fukuoka Prefecture. The remains have been designated as a national historic site and are accessible to visitors.
During the Mongol invasion attempts in the 13th century, the region served as one of the main landing points. The coastal sections witnessed intense fighting between the invaders and the defending samurai forces.
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